Potential game changers in the decades-long Israeli-Arab conflict include the Palestinians, Western actors, and regional counterparts. All face significant challenges however: the Palestinians must make true on their unity agreement, set a date for elections in 2012, and not let frustrations detract from their multilateral diplomatic initiatives. Western partners must address the war of narratives surrounding Abbas’s statehood bid, and question the legitimacy of US/Quartet-brokered negotiations. The Arab League and individual Arab governments must be prepared to compensate for punitive US and Israeli measures by offering tangible financial assistance, not merely rhetorical support.