Although transitioning Southern Mediterranean countries have plunged ahead with constitutional reforms and held elections, it remains unclear if ethnic minorities or the tribal structure can be successfully integrated into their country's new political order. Although some have questioned if tribalism can successfully contribute to the democratisation process, for most Arab countries, tribes are such an omnipresent part of society that their inclusion in the overall governance system will be necessary if transitions are to be implemented successfully. In this policy brief, FRIDE researcher Ted Liu examines the roles of ethnic minorities and the tribal structure in Arab transitions.